They help the reader comprehend Montresor's character in the sense that the coat of arms and motto demonstrates how vengeful Montresor is, and how that drive for vengeance is most likely inherited from his ancestors.
Montresor's Coat of Arms might even be a fabricated idea in his brain. "Nemo me impune lacessit," his family motto says. That is, "no one assaults me with impunity." This is the motto of the Royal Scottish family. When Fortunato inquires about Montresor's family coat of arms and motto, he looks to be operating dishonestly. He considers Montresor to be of a lesser social level than himself and is likely to have posed many such deceptive questions during their relationship with the express goal of hurting Montresor's sentiments.
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