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The 16th century in art history is marked by the styles known as the High Renaissance, Mannerism, and—at the century's end—the advent of the Baroque style.
These styles are all unavoidably influenced by historical causes, with the Protestant Reformation's successful challenge to the spiritual and political authority of the Church in Rome being the most significant. Since the appropriate use (and misuse) of images was a contentious issue, this has special significance for the history of art. In reality, a phenomena known as iconoclasm occurred at this time, in which several images were attacked and destroyed.
There are many different sorts of Protestant churches nowadays. For instance, there are dozens more denominations despite Baptist now being the largest in the United States. What led to this? How did they all start? We need to travel back in time to the early 16th century, when there was only one church in Western Europe, what is now known as the Roman Catholic Church, and it was headed by the Pope in Rome, in order to understand the Protestant Reformation. Given that there are so many other sorts of churches, we now refer to this as "Roman Catholic" (ie Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican - you get the idea).
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