Respuesta :
Chromatin structure affects the transcription due to :
combination of amino acid modifications in the histone tails.
combination of histone proteins found within the nucleosome.
Explanation:
The DNA is packaged into nucleosomes forming a compact structure which is not easily accessible to enzymes to undergo transcription hence transcription decreases.
If no acetylation in the DNA sequence chromatin will bar the accessibility of DNA binding protein and promoter decrease the transcription of a gene.
Chromatin structure is responsible for transcription to take place. Chromatin allows packaging of DNA as compact in the nucleus.
Chromatin structure can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to the combination of amino acid modifications in the histone tails.
Chromatin is made up of a combination of proteins called "histones", with DNA and RNA, whose function is to shape the chromosome so that it is integrated into the nucleus of the cell.
Each cell type, during differentiation and development, packages its genes in a unique pattern that is maintained throughout the cell cycle and therefore during cell divisions.
- Canonical nucleosomes are composed of two units of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 forming an octamer.
- There are variants of these histones that can replace some of the subunits in certain genomic locations and together with chemical modifications of the amino acids of the histone tails, play a key role, as a kind of "code", in the regulation of transcription.
- There are specific amino acids on the histone tails that can be modified by acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, creating a histone code, that is, depending on the modifications they present, genes may or may not be transcribed.
- It is proposed that the different modification patterns in the tails that are at the height or level of the promoters of the genes, facilitate or prevent the binding of the chromatin-modifying proteins, including coactivators and corepressors.
Therefore, we can conclude that chromatin structure can increase or decrease transcription of a gene according to the combination of amino acid modifications in the histone tails.
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